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The Millionaire calculator was the first commercially successful mechanical calculator that could perform a direct multiplication. It was in production from 1893 to 1935 with a total of about five thousand machines manufactured.〔De Brabandere, L: ''Calculus'', page 166, Mardaga, 1995〕〔(IBM historical archives )〕 == History == Principle of calculation machine with progressive transmission of tens was invented by Chebyshev and demonstrated on World's fair 1878 in Paris. In 1881 Chebyshev demonstrated the model of calculation machine with automatic multiplication but did not take out a patent for it. First patented multiplying machines was due to Edmund Barbour〔(Barbour machine ) on History of Computer website〕 (1872), Ramón Verea〔(Verea machine ) on History of Computer website〕 (1878) and Léon Bollée (1889).〔(Bollée machine ) on History of Computer website〕 Bollée machine could be considered the direct ancestor of ''Millionaire''. Designed by Otto Steiger, a Swiss engineer, the moving carriage of the Millionaire has a 20 decimal digit accumulator that shows the product after multiplication and into which dividend is entered prior to division. The 10-digit multiplicand or divisor is entered on the sliders (or keyboard, on later models) above the carriage, while successive digits of the multiplier or quotient are entered with a push-button lever on the upper left. A large control knob on the upper right can be set to add, multiply, divide or subtract positions.〔Henry J. Kennedy, (An Ingenious Calculating Machine ), ''American Machinist,'' Nov. 1, 1906; pages 555-563.〕 The ''Millionaire'' was first patented in Germany in 1892. Patents were issued in France, Switzerland, Canada and the USA in 1893, and production started in 1893.〔Steiger, Otto Steiger, Multiplying or Dividing Machine, , issued May 7, 1895.〕 From 1899 to 1935 Hans W. Egli of Zürich handled the machine. The American agent for the Millionaire was W. A. Morschhauser of New York. During this long life, 4,655 "Millionaire" machines was sold.〔These data comes from (IBM Computer Museum ), but Millionaire (SN 6455 ) and SN 6482 exist.〕〔New Machinery and Processes:(The "Millionaire" Calculator ), ''Textile World Record, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Oct. 1907); page 177.〕 The Millionaire was advertised as being the "only calculating machine on the market ... that requires but one turn of the crank ... for each figure in the multiplier or quotient," making it the fastest calculator available.〔(The Millionaire Calculating Machine ), advertisement, ''The Executive Economist'', Vol. 1, No. 4 (April 1911); back cover.〕 Advertising from 1913 claims that the United States government had purchased over 100 Millionaire calculators.〔("Endorsed by the U.S.Government" ), advertisement, ''Business'', Vol. XXXI, No. 5 (Nov. 1913); page 293.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Millionaire Calculator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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